Iphuzu lokubilisa le-Chloroform kanye nomthelela walo ekuhlaziyeni izici
I-Chloroform (i-Chloroform), enefomula yamakhemikhali i-CHCl₃, iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo ezingenambala nephunga elikhethekile, elisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wemboni yamakhemikhali nemithi. Ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda izici ezibonakalayo ze-chloroform, lapho iphuzu lokubilisa le-chloroform liyipharamitha eyinhloko, ethinta ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa kwayo nokuphatha ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokushisa. Leli phepha lizohlaziya iphuzu lokubilisa le-chloroform kanye nezici zayo ezinomthelela ngokuningiliziwe.
1. Uhlolojikelele lwephuzu lokubilisa le-chloroform
I-Chloroform inephuzu lokubila elingu-61.2°C (cishe u-334.35 K), okuyisakhiwo esiyenza ibe uketshezi ekamelweni lokushisa. Ngenxa yezinga layo eliphansi lokubilisa, i-chloroform ijwayele ukuhwamuka ekamelweni lokushisa, okudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa. Le mpahla yendawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform iyenza ibe yigugu ekufakweni emanzini, ekuhlukaniseni nasekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali.
2. Izinto ezithinta indawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform
Iphuzu elibilayo le-chloroform lithinteka kakhulu ukucindezela kwe-ambient. Ngaphansi komfutho womoya ojwayelekile, indawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform ingu-61.2°C. Lapho ingcindezi ishintsha, indawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform nayo izoshintsha. Isibonelo, ngaphansi kwengcindezi encishisiwe, indawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform iyancipha, enenzuzo ezinqubweni ezidinga ukukhishwa kwe-distillation emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngokufanayo, ngaphansi kwezimo zengcindezi ephezulu, iphoyinti elibilayo le-chloroform liyakhuphuka, okungase kudinge ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezithile.
Iphuzu elibilayo le-chloroform nalo liyathinteka ubumsulwa bayo. I-Chloroform equkethe ukungcola ingase ibe nendawo yokubila ehlukile kuleyo ye-chloroform emsulwa ngoba ukuba khona kokungcola kushintsha ukuntengantenga koketshezi. Ngakho-ke, kumakhemikhali amahle kanye nemithi, ukuhlanzeka kwe-chloroform kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwephuzu layo lokubilisa nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo.
3. Ukubaluleka kwendawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni
Emkhiqizweni wamakhemikhali, ukuqonda indawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform kubalulekile ekucubunguleni ukuklama nokukhethwa kwemishini. Isibonelo, ekuphenduleni kwe-organic synthesis, izinga lokushisa lokusabela ngokuvamile lidinga ukulawulwa eduze nendawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform ukuze kugcinwe ukusabela okushelelayo. I-Chloroform njengesinyibilikisi esivame ukusetshenziswa, iphoyinti layo lokubilisa lithinta ngokuqondile ukutholwa kanye nokusebenzisa kabusha ukusebenza kahle kwezincibilikisi.
Embonini yezemithi, indawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform futhi inquma ukusebenza kwayo ezinqubweni ezithile zemithi. Isibonelo, lapho isetshenziswa kwezemithi ukuze kukhishwe izithako ezithile ezisebenzayo, indawo yokubilisa ephansi ye-chloroform iyivumela ukuba ihwamuke emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele izinto ezingezwani nokushisa.
4. Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Ekusetshenzisweni Kwe-Chloroform
Ngenxa yokuthi i-chloroform iyaguquguquka futhi inobuthi ekamelweni lokushisa, idinga ukuphathwa futhi igcinwe ngezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo. Ulwazi lwephoyinti lokubilisa le-chloroform lungasiza opharetha balawule kangcono ukuntengantenga kwayo futhi bagweme ukuhogela kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwemvelo yokushisa okuphezulu, kuyadingeka ukunaka ukuguquguquka kwe-chloroform ukuvimbela ukwakheka kokugcwala okukhulu kwegesi emoyeni, okungase kubangele izingozi zempilo.
Isiphetho
Ngokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwendawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform kanye nezici zayo ezithonyayo, kungabonakala ukuthi ukwazi kahle izici zamaphuzu abilayo e-chloroform kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni inqubo nokukhetha kwemishini ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali. Ukuqonda nokulawula indawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo, kokubili ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni kanye nemisebenzi yaselabhorethri.