Ukuhlaziywa kwamaphuzu abilayo kwe-acetic acid: izinga lokushisa, izici ezithonya kanye nokusetshenziswa
I-acetic acid (ifomula yamakhemikhali i-CH₃COOH), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-acetic acid, iyi-asidi ephilayo esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zamakhemikhali, zokudla kanye nezokwelapha. Izinto ezibonakalayo ze-acetic acid, ikakhulukazi iphoyinti layo elibilayo, zibalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya iphuzu elibilisayo le-acetic acid ngokuningiliziwe, sixoxe ngezici zalo ezithonya kanye nokubaluleka kwalo ezimweni ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza.
Ukubuka konke okuyisisekelo kwephuzu lokubilisa le-acetic acid
Iphoyinti lokubilisa le-acetic acid ngu-117.9°C (244.2°F), elilinganiswa ngomfutho womoya ojwayelekile (i-atmospheric engu-1, 101.3 kPa). Kuleli zinga lokushisa, i-acetic acid iyashintsha isuka oketshezini iye ekubeni igesi, inqubo eyisinyathelo esibalulekile ezinqubweni eziningi zamakhemikhali. I-acetic acid inephuzu lokubilisa eliphakeme uma liqhathaniswa namanye ama-organic compounds avamile, okubangelwa kakhulu ukuba khona kwamabhondi e-hydrogen phakathi kwama-molecule ayo.
Izinto ezithinta indawo yokubilisa ye-acetic acid
Nakuba izinga lokubilisa elijwayelekile le-acetic acid lingu-117.9°C, ngokwenza lokhu kushisa kuthintwa izici eziningi. Ingcindezi inomthelela omkhulu endaweni yokubilisa. Ezimweni zengcindezi ephansi (isb., izimo ze-vacuum), indawo yokubilisa ye-acetic acid iyancipha kakhulu, kanti ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophezulu, iphoyinti layo lokubila liyakhuphuka. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwezimboni, ukulawula ingcindezi yesistimu kungalawula ngempumelelo ukubilisa nokuhlukanisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-acetic acid.
Ukungcola kwekhambi nakho kungaba nomthelela endaweni yokubilisa ye-acetic acid. Ikakhulukazi uma i-acetic acid yenza izingxube nezinye izinhlanganisela, iphoyinti layo lokubilisa lingase liphambuke kumanani ajwayelekile. Isibonelo, ezixazululweni ezinamanzi, indawo yokubilisa ye-acetic acid ingancishiswa ngenxa yezenzakalo ze-azeotropic. Ukuqonda nokulawula lezi zici kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali.
Izicelo Zamaphuzu Okubilisa I-Acetic Acid Embonini
Iphuzu elibilayo le-acetic acid aliyona nje ipharamitha ebalulekile yezakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo, ibalulekile futhi ekuthonyeni ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinqubweni eziningana zezimboni. Isicelo esijwayelekile ukucwiliswa kanye nokuhlanzwa kwe-acetic acid. Ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali, ukulawulwa okunembile kwendawo yokubilisa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuthola ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-acetic acid. Ekukhiqizweni kwe-acetate ne-acetate esters, ukulawulwa kwendawo yokubilisa ye-acetic acid nakho kunomthelela oqondile kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokukhiqiza.
Iphuzu elibilayo le-acetic acid liphinde libe nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ekuqaphelweni kwemvelo kanye nezinqubo zokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile noma igesi engcolile equkethe i-acetic acid ingafinyelelwa ngokushisa i-acetic acid ngokufudumeza. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda iphuzu lokubilisa le-acetic kanye nomthetho wayo oshintshayo kubalulekile ekuklameni inqubo yokwelapha ephumelelayo.
Isifinyezo
Iphuzu lokubilisa le-acetic acid liyipharamitha ebalulekile ebonakalayo enenani elibanzi lokusetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali. Ukuqonda kanye nokuba ingcweti kwezinto ezinomthelela endaweni yokubilisa ye-acetic acid, njengokucindezela nokuqukethwe okungcolile, kungasiza onjiniyela nochwepheshe balungiselele inqubo yokukhiqiza futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwephuzu elibilayo le-acetic acid embonini nakho kugqamisa ukubaluleka kwayo ekukhiqizeni nasekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Ocwaningweni oluzayo nasekusetshenzisweni, ukuhlaziya okujulile kwendawo yokubilisa ye-acetic acid kuzoqhubeka nokuletha impumelelo eyengeziwe kwezobuchwepheshe embonini yamakhemikhali.