Ukuhlaziywa kwamaphoyili abilayo we-acetic acid: izinga lokushisa, izici ezinomthelela kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza
I-acetic acid (amakhemikhali ifomula Ch₃cooh), eyaziwa nangokuthi acetic acid, i-organic acid esetshenziswa kabanzi kwizimboni zamakhemikhali, zokudla kanye nemithi. Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-acetic acid, ikakhulukazi iphuzu lazo elibilayo, zibalulekile kwinqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza embonini yamakhemikhali. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwazi ukuhlaziya iphuzu elibilayo le-acetic acid ngokuningiliziwe, xoxa ngezinto zalo zokuthonya kanye nokubaluleka kwalo ezimweni ezihlukile zohlelo lokusebenza.
Ukubuka konke okuyisisekelo kwephuzu elibilayo le-acetic acid
Iphuzu elibilayo le-acetic acid lingu-117.9 ° C (244.2 ° F), elikalwa ngokucindezela okujwayelekile komkhathi (umkhathi o-1, 101.3 KPA). Kuleli lokushisa, uguqukayo we-acetic acid kusuka ku-ketshezi kugesi, inqubo eyisinyathelo esibalulekile ezinqubweni eziningi zamakhemikhali. I-acetic acid inendawo ebilayo ephakeme ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezijwayelekile ze-organic, ezibangelwa kakhulu ukuba khona kwezibopho ze-hydrogen phakathi kwama-molecule alo.
Izici ezithinta iphuzu elibilayo le-acetic acid
Yize iphuzu elijwayelekile elibilayo le-acetic acid lingu-117.9 ° C, ekusebenzeni lokhu kushisa kuthintwa yizici eziningi. Ingcindezi inomphumela obalulekile endaweni ebilayo. Ezingcindezi eziphansi (isib. Izimo ze-vacuum), iphuzu elibilayo le-acetic acid lincipha kakhulu, kanti ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, iphuzu laso elibilayo liyanda. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuhluzwa kwezimboni, okulawula ingcindezi yohlelo kungalawula ngempumelelo ukusebenza kokubilisa nokuhlukaniswa kwe-acetic acid.
Ukungcola kusisombululo nakho kungaba nomphumela endaweni ebilayo ye-acetic acid. Ikakhulu lapho i-acetic acid ifaka izingxube namanye amakhompiyutha, iphuzu layo elibilayo lingaphambuka kumanani ajwayelekile. Isibonelo, ezixazululweni zamanzi, iphuzu elibilayo le-acetic acid lingancishiswa ngenxa ye-azeoropic efile. Ukuqonda nokulawula lezi zinto kubalulekile ukuze wenze kahle izinqubo zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali.
Izicelo zamaphoyinti acijile acid embonini
Iphoyinti elibilayo le-acetic acid akuyona nje ipharamitha ebalulekile yezakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo, futhi kubalulekile ekutholeni isicelo sayo ezinhlanganweni eziningana zezimboni. Isicelo esijwayelekile yi-distillation kanye nokuhlanzwa kwe-acetic acid. Ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali, ukuphathwa okuqondile kwephuzu lokubilisa kuyisinyathelo esingukhiye ekutholeni i-acetic acity ephezulu. Ekukhiqizweni kwama-acetate kanye ne-acetate esters, ukulawulwa kwephuzu elibilayo le-acetic acid nakho kunethonya eliqondile kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokukhiqiza.
Iphoyinti elibilayo le-acetic acid libuye libe nezicelo ezibalulekile kuzinqubo zokuqapha zemvelo kanye nokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka noma igesi equkethe igesi equkethe i-acetic acid kungatholakala ngokuguqula i-acetic acid ngokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza kahle iphuzu elibilayo le-acetic acid kanye nomthetho walo oguqukayo kubalulekile ekuklameni inqubo yokwelashwa ephumelelayo.
Ukubeka kafushane
Iphuzu elibilayo le-acetic acid liyipharamitha ebalulekile yomzimba enenani elibanzi lesicelo embonini yamakhemikhali. Ukuqonda kanye nokukwazi kahle izici ezithonyelayo zendawo ebilayo ye-acetic acid, njengokuqukethwe kokucindezelwa nokungcola, kungasiza onjiniyela nochwepheshe ukuze bathuthukise inqubo yokukhiqiza futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwendawo ebilayo ye-acetic acid embonini futhi kugqamisa ukubaluleka kwayo ekukhiqizweni nasekuvikeleni kwemvelo. Ekucwaningweni okuzayo nasekusetshenzisweni, ukuhlaziya okujulile kwephuzu elibilayo le-acetic acid kuzoqhubeka nokuletha ukuqubuka kwezobuchwepheshe embonini yamakhemikhali.