Ukuhlaziywa kwamaphuzu abilayo e-acetone kanye nezici ezinomthelela
I-acetone, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-dimethyl ketone, iyincibilikisi ebalulekile ephilayo enezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo embonini yamakhemikhali. Ukuqonda iphuzu lokubilisa le-acetone kubalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwezinqubo zamakhemikhali. Kuleli phepha, sizohlaziya iphuzu elibilayo le-acetone ngokuningiliziwe futhi sixoxe ngezakhiwo zalo eziyisisekelo nezici ezithonyayo.
Izici eziyisisekelo ze-acetone
I-acetone, enefomula yamakhemikhali ethi C₃H₆O kanye nesisindo sengqamuzana esingu-58.08 g/mol, iwuketshezi olungenambala, oluguquguqukayo olunokunambitheka okumnandi nephunga elicasulayo. Ngenxa ye-solvency yayo enhle kakhulu, i-acetone isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zokuhlanza, izincibilikisi, okokugqoka, ezemithi kanye nezimboni zepulasitiki. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, ulwazi lwezakhiwo zomzimba ze-acetone, njengendawo yokubilisa, lubalulekile ukulawula imingcele yenqubo.
Liyini iphuzu lokubilisa le-acetone?
Iphuzu lokubilisa le-acetone livamise ukurekhodwa njengo-56°C (cishe u-329 K) ngomfutho ojwayelekile womkhathi (101.3 kPa). Lokhu kushisa yizinga lokushisa lapho i-acetone ishintsha khona isuka oketshezini iye esimweni segesi. Iphuzu eliphansi lokubilisa le-acetone uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo lisho ukuthi liyashintshashintsha kakhulu ezingeni lokushisa legumbi. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela i-acetone ukuthi ihwamuke ngokushesha ezinhlelweni eziningi zezimboni, kube lula ukomisa okusheshayo nokuhlanza izinqubo.
Izinto ezithinta indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone
Iphuzu elibilayo le-acetone alimile futhi lithintwa izinto eziningi. Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganisa ukucindezela kwangaphandle, okuqukethwe kokungcola kanye nenani lengxube ye-solvent.

Umthelela wengcindezi yangaphandle: Ngezingcindezi eziphansi, indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone iyancipha. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-vacuum distillation, ukwehlisa ingcindezi kuvumela i-acetone ukuthi ibilise ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula ingcindezi kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokulawula iphuzu lokubilisa le-acetone ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwezimboni.

Umphumela wokungcola: ukuba khona kokungcola ku-acetone nakho kuthinta iphuzu layo lokubilisa. Uma buphakeme ubumsulwa, yilapho iphoyinti elibilisa lisondela kakhulu kunani elijwayelekile; kuyilapho izingxube eziqukethe ezinye izakhi eziguquguqukayo zingase zibangele ukushintsha endaweni yokubilisa. Ukuze kukhiqizwe amakhemikhali amahle, kubalulekile ukulawula ukuhlanzeka kwe-acetone ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwayo emazingeni okushisa athile.

Umthelela wezingxube ze-solvent: Lapho i-acetone ixutshwa nezinye izincibilikisi, iphuzu layo elibilayo lingashintsha. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi i-azeotropy. Empeleni, iphuzu le-azeotropic le-acetone nezinye izinyibilikisi lidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile njengoba lingathinta ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokuhlukanisa.

Ukubaluleka kwe-Acetone Boiling Point
Ukuqonda nokulawula indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni izimboni. Ezinqubweni eziningi zamakhemikhali, njengokubuyiswa kwe-solvent, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-distillation nokulawulwa kokusabela, ulwazi olunembile lwephuzu lokubilisa le-acetone lungasiza ekwandiseni imingcele yenqubo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Iphuzu elibilayo le-acetone liyipharamitha ebalulekile embonini yamakhemikhali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-solvent, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-distillation, ukuqonda indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone nezici ezihlukahlukene ezithinta yona kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa inqubo yokukhiqiza eshelelayo.