Ezokwelapha
Isixazululo esingu-70-85% se-ethanol sivame ukusetshenziswa njengesibulala-magciwane futhi sibulala izinto eziphilayo ngokukhipha amaprotheni azo kanye nokuncibilikisa amafutha azo. Isebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene namabhaktheriya amaningi kanye nesikhunta, kanye namagciwane amaningi, kodwa ayisebenzi ngokumelene nezinhlamvu zebhaktheriya. Lesi sici sokubulala amagciwane se-ethanol yisizathu sokuthi uphuzo oludakayo lungagcinwa isikhathi eside[9]. I-Ethanol futhi inokusetshenziswa okuningi kwezokwelapha, futhi ingatholakala emikhiqizweni efana nemithi, izinto zokusula zezokwelapha kanye njengesibulala-magciwane kumajeli amaningi e-antibacterial hand sanitizer. I-Ethanal ingasetshenziswa futhi njengekhambi. Ngokuncintisana ivimba ukwakheka kwama-metabolite anobuthi ekuphuzeni utshwala obunobuthi ngokuba nobudlelwano obuphezulu be-enzyme i-Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH). Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko kukungenisa i-methanol ne-ethylene glycol. I-Ethanol ingasetshenziswa ngomzila womlomo, we-nasogastric noma we-intravenous ukuze kugcinwe izinga le-ethanol egazini lika-100-150 mg/dl (22-33 mol/L).

Okokhelekayo
I-Ethanol iyavutha futhi isha ihlanzeke kakhulu kunezinye izinto zokubasa eziningi. I-Ethanol isetshenziswe ezimotweni kusukela uHenry Ford aklama iModel T yakhe yango-1908 ukuthi isebenze ngotshwala. EBrazil nase-United States, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ethanol kumoba nokusanhlamvu njengophethiloli wemoto kuye kwakhuthazwa izinhlelo zikahulumeni[11]. Uhlelo lwaseBrazil lwe-ethanol lwaqala njengendlela yokunciphisa ukuthembela ekuthengeni uwoyela kwamanye amazwe, kodwa kwasheshe kwaqashelwa ukuthi linezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo nezenhlalo[12]. Imikhiqizo eshiswe ngokuphelele ye-ethanol yi-carbon dioxide namanzi kuphela. Ngalesi sizathu, ayihambisani nemvelo futhi isetshenziselwe ukugcwalisa amabhasi omphakathi e-US. Kodwa-ke, i-ethanol emsulwa ihlasela izinto ezithile zerabha nepulasitiki futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ezinjinini zezimoto ezingalungiswanga.

Omunye uphethiloli osuselwe etshwaleni ohlanganiswe nophethiloli ukuze kukhiqizwe uphethiloli onesilinganiso se-octane esiphezulu nezikhindi ezimbalwa eziyingozi kunophethiloli ongahlanganisiwe. Ingxube equkethe uphethiloli ene-ethanol okungenani engu-10% yaziwa ngokuthi i-gasohol. Ngokuqondile, uphethiloli ono-10% we-ethanol waziwa ngokuthi yi-E10. Olunye uhlobo oluvamile lwe-petroli i-E15, equkethe u-15% we-ethanol no-85% kaphethiloli. I-E15 ifaneleka kuphela ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zeFlex Fuel noma iphesenti elincane kakhulu lezimoto ezintsha[14]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-E85 yigama elisetshenziselwa ingxube kaphethiloli ongu-15% kanye ne-ethanol engu-85%. I-E85 igcina isistimu kaphethiloli ihlanzekile ngoba isha ihlanzeke kunegesi evamile noma udizili futhi ayishiyi ngemuva amadiphozithi e-gummy. Kusukela ngonyaka wemodeli ka-1999, izimoto eziningi e-US zakhiqizwa ukuze zikwazi ukusebenza kuphethiloli we-E85 ngaphandle kokuguqulwa. Lezi zimoto zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-double fuel noma izimoto eziguquguqukayo, njengoba zikwazi ukubona ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlobo lukaphethiloli futhi zishintshe indlela injini eziphatha ngayo ukuze kunxeshezelwe izindlela ezahlukene ezishisa ngazo kumasilinda enjini.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlanganiswa kukaphethiloli we-ethanol-diesel kuyakhula emhlabeni jikelele, futhi kuklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngezinye izindlela zikaphethiloli ezivuselelwayo, ezihlanzekile ezisetshenziswa ngaphandle komgwaqo, amabhasi, ama-semi-loli nezinye izimoto ezisebenza ngodizili. Ngokungezwa kwe-ethanol nezinye izithasiselo zikaphethiloli kudizili, isici sentuthu yedizili emnyama siyasuswa futhi kuba nokuncipha okukhulu kwezinhlayiya, i-carbon monoxide, kanye ne-nitrogen oxide ephumayo. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa i-ethanol ekuphekeni esikhundleni sezinkuni, amalahle, i-propane, noma esikhundleni sezibaseli zokukhanyisa, njengophalafini.
I-Brazil ne-United States zihola ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni zikaphethiloli we-ethanol, okuhlanganisa u-89% wokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke ngo-2008. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-USA neBrazil, i-ethanol yase-Europe yokukhiqiza uphethiloli isesezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. I-Brazil ingeyesibili emhlabeni ngomkhiqizi kaphethiloli we-ethanol futhi ithumela kwamanye amazwe ngobukhulu emhlabeni.

Isiphuzo
Imithamo emikhulu ye-ethanol ikhiqizwa ezimakethe zesiphuzo nezimboni ngokudla kwezolimo. I-Ethanol ekhiqizwe kulezi zimboni ihluke ku-ethanol ukuze kuphethiloli ngamandla ayo kuphela, angahluka phakathi kuka-96% no-99.9% futhi ngobumsulwa bayo, kuye ngokusetshenziswa kokugcina. Imboni yeziphuzo neziphuzo ingase ibe umsebenzisi wokugcina owaziwa kakhulu we-ethanol. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinhlobo eziningi zemimoya, i-vodka, i-gin kanye ne-anisette. Kudingeka amazinga aphezulu kanye nezinqubo ku-ethanal esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni iziphuzo zomoya.

Abanye
I-ethanol esetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo ophakathi yimboni yamakhemikhali, eyekhemisi noma yezimonyo ezikhathini eziningi isezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu nelimsulwa kakhulu. Lezi izimakethe zeprimiyamu ngenxa yezinyathelo ezengeziwe zenqubo yokukhiqiza utshwala ezidingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe ubumsulwa obudingekayo. Izindinganiso eziphakeme ezifanayo kanye nezidingo zokuhlanzeka ziyasebenza embonini yokudla, njengezinambitheka namaphunga akhishwa kanye nokugxila, kanye nopende nama-thermometers. I-Ethanol ingasetshenziswa ku-de-icer noma i-anti-froze ukuze usule isikrini sangaphambili semoto. Ibuye iqukethwe kumakha, amadeodorants, nezinye izimonyo