-Esayensi yezokwelapha
Isixazululo sika-70-85% we-ethanol sivame ukusetshenziswa njengegciwane legciwane futhi libulala izidalwa ngokuqinisa amaprotheni abo futhi liqeda ama-lipids abo. Isebenza ngempumelelo ekulweni namagciwane amaningi nesikhunta, namagciwane amaningi, kepha ayisebenzi ngokumelene nezinhlamvu zamagciwane. Le ndawo yokubulala amagciwane e-ethanol yisizathu sokuthi iziphuzo ezidakayo zingagcinwa isikhathi eside [9]. I-Ethanol nayo inokusetshenziswa okuningi kwezokwelapha, futhi ingatholakala kwimikhiqizo efana nemithi, ama-Medical Wipes kanye ne-antiseptic kuma-gels e-antibacterial wesandla sesandla. I-ethanal ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-antidote. Kuvimbela ukuncintisana kwama-metabolites anobuthi enobuthi botshwala obunobuthi ngokuba nobumbano oluphakeme lwe-enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Isicelo sayo esiyinhloko siseMethanol nase-Ethylene Glycol Ukuntshisa. I-Ethanol ingahanjiswa yindlela yomlomo, ye-nasogestric noma ye-intravenous yokugcina i-ethanol ethalol ihlumela i-100-150 mg / dl (22-33 mol / l).

Amalahle
I-Ethanol iyavutha futhi ivutha ihlanzekile kunamanye amafutha amaningi. I-Ethanol isetshenziswe ezimotweni ngoba uHenry Ford waklama imodeli yakhe engu-1908 eklanyelwe utshwala. EBrazil nase-United States, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ethanol kusuka kumoba noshukela kanye okusanhlamvu njengoba uphethiloli wezimoto ukhushulwe izinhlelo zikahulumeni [11]. Uhlelo lwe-Ethazili lwaseBrazil lwaqala njengendlela yokunciphisa ukuthembela ekungenisweni kwamafutha, kepha kwasheshe kwabonakala ukuthi yayinezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo nezenhlalo [12]. Imikhiqizo ehlanganiswe ngokuphelele ye-ethanol iyi-carbon dioxide kanye namanzi kuphela. Ngalesi sizathu, kungobungane ngezemvelo futhi kusetshenziselwa ukukhipha amabhasi omphakathi e-US. Kodwa-ke, i-ethanol emsulwa ihlasela izinto ezithile zenjoloba nepulasitiki futhi ayinakusetshenziswa ezinjini zemoto ezingekho emthethweni.

Amaphethiloli asuselwa ngotshwala ahlanganiswe nophethiloli ukuze akhiqize uphethiloli ngesilinganiso esiphakeme se-octane kanye nokukhishwa okumbalwa okuyingozi kunophethiloli ongazange. Ingxube equkethe uphethiloli okungenani nge-10% ethanol yaziwa njenge-pehol. Ngokuqondile, uphethiloli onokuqukethwe kwe-ethanol engu-10% waziwa ngokuthi i-E10. Enye into evamile ye-petrol variant variant yi-E15, equkethe i-15% ethanol no-85% uphethiloli. I-E15 ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi eziguqukayo noma amaphesenti amancane kakhulu ezimoto ezintsha [14]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-E85 yigama elisetshenziselwa ingxube kaphethiloli engu-15% kanye ne-85% ethanol. I-E85 igcina uhlelo lwamafutha lihlanzekile ngoba lishisa ihlanzekile kunegesi ejwayelekile noma udizili futhi alishiyi imali ebekiwe. Kusukela ngonyaka wemodeli ka-1999, izimoto eziningi e-US zazenziwa ukuze zikwazi ukuqhuba ku-E85 Fuel ngaphandle kokuguqulwa. Lezi zimoto zivame ukubizwa ngophethiloli oyedwa noma izimoto zikaphethiloli eziguqukayo, ngoba zingathola uhlobo lokwenza uphethiloli ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi zishintshe indlela yokuziphatha kwenjini yokunxenxa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ezishise ngazo ama-cylinders enjini.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ethanol-diesel fuel blends kukhula emhlabeni wonke, futhi kwaklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela zokuvuselela, zokuvutha zokuvutha amafutha ngemishini ye-off-Road, amabhasi, amaloli ama-semi kanye nezinye izimoto eziqhutshwa uphethiloli. Ngokungezwa kwe-ethanol nezinye izithasiselo zikaphethiloli ku-diesel, intuthu ye-black dieshel ye-black dieshel iyasuswa futhi kunokuncipha okukhulu kudaba lokubandakanya, i-carbon monoxide, kanye ne-nitrogen oxide ukuphuma. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa i-ethanol ukupheka njengokufaka esikhundleni sokhuni, amalahle, i-propase, noma esikhundleni sokubambela amafutha okukhanyisa, njengophalafini.
IBrazil kanye ne-United States bahola ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ze-ethanol kaphethiloli, babalwa ndawonye ngo-89% wokukhiqizwa komhlaba ngo-2008. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-USA naseBrazil, i-Europe eTanol yokukhiqizwa kukagesi isenhle kakhulu. IBrazil ngumkhiqizi wesibili wesibili omkhulu we-ethanol uphethiloli kanye nomthengisi omkhulu emhlabeni.

Okokuphuza
Amavolumu aphambili e-ethanol akhiqizwa izimbotshana nezimboni zezimboni ezivela ku-Folestitional FeelTock. I-Ethanol ekhiqizwa ngalezi zimboni ihlukile kwi-ethanol ngophethiloli kuphela ngamandla ayo kuphela, ezingahluka phakathi kwamaphesenti angama-96 no-99.9% nangokusetshenziswa kwayo. Imboni yesiphuzo neziphuzo kungaba ngumsebenzisi owaziwa kakhulu we-ethanol. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinhlobo eziningi zemimoya, i-vodka enjalo, i-gin ne-anisette. Kudingeka amazinga aphezulu nezinqubo ze-ethanal esetshenziswe ekukhiqizweni kweziphuzo zomoya.

Abanye
I-ethanol esetshenziswe njengomkhiqizo othemulile yimboni yamakhemikhali, yezemithi noma yezimonyo isezimweni eziningi zekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu nehlanzekile. Lezi izimakethe zeprimiyamu ngenxa yezinyathelo ezengeziwe kwinqubo yokukhiqiza utshwala ezidingekayo ukufeza ubumsulwa obudingekayo. Izinga eliphakeme elifanayo nezidingo zokuhlanza zisebenza embonini yokudla, njengokunambitheka nokukhishwa kwe-aromas kanye nokugxila, kanye namapende nama-thermometer. I-Ethanol ingasetshenziswa ku-de-iCer noma i-anti-free ukusula isikrini somoya. Kuqukethe namakha amakha, ama-deodorants, kanye nezinye izimonyo