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Igama Lomkhiqizo:I-Oxalic acid
Ifomethi ye-Molecular:I-C2H2O4
Inombolo ye-CAS:144-62-7
Isakhiwo samangqamuzana omkhiqizo:
I-Oxalic acid isatshalaliswa kabanzi esitshalweni ngokwemvelo, iningi elikhona ngesimo sikasawoti oxalic acid. U-CW Scheele wakhiqiza i-oxalate okokuqala ngo-1776.
I-Oxalate iyi-asidi enamandla kunazo zonke phakathi kwe-dicarboxylic acid. Ngaphandle kokuba nezimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-carboxylic acid, futhi inempahla enciphisayo futhi inganciphisa ngobuningi i-valence manganese eyisikhombisa ibe yi-bivalent manganese. Lesi sakhiwo sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kwenani le-potanganum permanganate.
5 C2H2O4 + 2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 →K2SO4 + 2 MNSO4 + 8H2O + 10 CO2;
I-Oxalic acid nayo inganciphisa i-iron trivalent ibe yi-bivalent iron. Ngenxa yokuncibilika okuphezulu kwe-iron bivalent emanzini, singasebenzisa lesi simiso ukuze sisuse ukugqwala ezingutsheni.
I-Oxalic acid ingasabela ne-phosphorus pentachloride ukuze ikhiqize i-phosphorus oxychloride. C2H2O4 + PCl5 → POCl3 + CO + CO2 + 2 HCL.
I-Oxalic acid ingasabela ngezinsimbi eziningi ukukhiqiza usawoti oxalic acid. Ngokungeziwe kusawoti wensimbi ye-alkali kanye nosawoti we-iron bivalent kanye nosawoti osele oxalic acid ongancibiliki kahle emanzini. Omunye usawoti wensimbi, nakuba ungancibiliki kahle emanzini, ungenza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezincibilika emanzini.
I-Fe2 (C2O4) 3 + 3 K2C2O4 + 6 H2O →2 K3 [Fe (C2O4) 3] • 6 H2O.
Lapho kushisa, insimbi ye-alkali kanye ne-alkaline yomhlaba yensimbi i-oxalic acid usawoti ingalahlekelwa yi-carbon monoxide futhi yakhe ama-carbonates ane-carbonate eqhubeka nokuba ngaphansi kokushisisa ukuze aphinde aboliswe abe yi-oxide ne-carbon dioxide. I-oxalic acid usawoti we-nickel, i-cobalt nesiliva ekugcineni ingakhiqiza insimbi esikhundleni se-nonmetal oxide.
Imikhiqizo ebolayo ye-oxalate yi-carbon dioxide, i-carbon monoxide namanzi.
I-oxalate ne-oxalic acid usawoti anobuthi. Amagundane, ngokuphathwa ngomlomo, ane-LD50 ye-2000 ~ 4000 mg/kg.
1. I-Oxalic acid ingasetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa kanye ne-ejenti yokuhlanza, i-mordant yemboni yokudaya nokunyathelisa, futhi isetshenziselwa ukucwenga insimbi engavamile, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-oxalate ester amide ehlukahlukene, i-oxalate notshani, njll.
2. Isetshenziswa njenge-reagent yokuhlaziya.
3. Isetshenziswa njengama-reagents aselabhorethri, i-reagent yokuhlaziya i-chromatography, ama-intermediates odayi kanye nezinto ezijwayelekile.
4. I-Oxalic acid isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza izidakamizwa ezinjengama-antibiotics kanye ne-borneol kanye ne-solvent yokukhipha insimbi engavamile, i-ejenti yokunciphisa nodayi, i-ejenti yokushuka, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-oxalic acid ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-oxalate. i-ester, i-oxalate, ne-oxamide ene-diethyl oxalate, i-sodium oxalate ne-calcium oxalate enesivuno esikhulu kakhulu. I-oxalate ingase isetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kwe-cobalt-molybdenum-alumina catalyst, ukuhlanza insimbi ne-marble kanye nokukhishwa kwezindwangu.
I-Chemwin ingahlinzeka ngenqwaba yama-hydrocarbon amaningi nezincibilikisi zamakhemikhali kumakhasimende ezimboni.Ngaphambi kwalokho, sicela ufunde ulwazi olulandelayo oluyisisekelo mayelana nokwenza ibhizinisi nathi:
1. Ezokuphepha
Ukuphepha kuyinto ehamba phambili yethu. Ngaphezu kokunikeza amakhasimende ulwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuphephile nokunobungani kwemvelo kwemikhiqizo yethu, siphinde sizibophezele ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ubungozi bokuphepha kwabasebenzi nosonkontileka buncishiswa bube buncane obunengqondo nobunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, sidinga ikhasimende ukuthi liqinisekise ukuthi izindinganiso ezifanele zokuphepha zokuthulula nokugcinwa kwempahla ziyahlangatshezwa ngaphambi kokulethwa kwethu (sicela ubhekisele kusithasiselo se-HSSE emigomeni nemibandela evamile yokuthengisa ngezansi). Ochwepheshe bethu be-HSSE banganikeza isiqondiso kulawa mazinga.
2. Indlela yokulethwa
Amakhasimende anga-oda futhi alethe imikhiqizo evela ku-chemwin, noma angathola imikhiqizo evela embonini yethu yokukhiqiza. Izindlela zokuthutha ezitholakalayo zifaka phakathi iloli, ujantshi noma ezokuthutha ezinezinhlobo eziningi (kuyasebenza izimo ezihlukene).
Endabeni yezidingo zekhasimende, singacacisa izidingo zezikebhe noma amathangi futhi sisebenzise amazinga akhethekile okuphepha/wokubuyekeza kanye nezimfuneko.
3. Inani elincane le-oda
Uma uthenga imikhiqizo kuwebhusayithi yethu, inani elincane le-oda amathani angama-30.
4.Inkokhelo
Indlela yokukhokha ejwayelekile idonswa ngokuqondile zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30 ukusuka ku-invoyisi.
5. Amadokhumenti okulethwa
Amadokhumenti alandelayo anikezwa ngokudiliva ngakunye:
· I-Bill of Lading, i-CMR Waybill noma enye incwadi yezokuthutha efanele
· Isitifiketi Sokuhlaziya noma Ukuvumelana (uma sidingeka)
· Imibhalo ehlobene ne-HSSE ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo
· Imibhalo yeCustoms ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo (uma kudingeka)