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Igama Lomkhiqizo:i-acetic acid
Ifomethi ye-Molecular:I-C2H4O2
Inombolo ye-CAS:64-19-7
Isakhiwo samangqamuzana omkhiqizo:
Into | Iyunithi | Inani |
Ubumsulwa | % | 99.8imiz |
Umbala | I-APHA | 5 ubuningi |
Okuqukethwe kwe-fomic acid | % | 0.03 ubuningi |
Okuqukethwe Amanzi | % | 0.15 ubuningi |
Ukubukeka | - | Uketshezi olusobala |
I-acetic acid, i-CH3COOH, iwuketshezi olungenambala, oluguquguqukayo emazingeni okushisa asendaweni. Inhlanganisela emsulwa, i-glacial acetic acid, iqanjwe igama layo ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okucwebezelayo okunjengeqhwa ku-15.6°C. Njengoba kunikezwa ngokuvamile, i-acetic acid iyisisombululo esinamanzi esingu-6 N (cishe ama-36%) noma isixazululo esingu-1 N (cishe u-6%). Lokhu noma okunye ukuhlanjululwa kusetshenziselwa ukwengeza amanani afanele e-acetic acid ekudleni. I-Acetic acid iyisici se-asidi uviniga, ukugxila kwayo kusuka ku-3.5 kuya ku-5.6%. I-acetic acid nama-acetate akhona ezitshalweni eziningi nezicubu zezilwane ngamanani amancane kodwa abonakalayo. Ziyizinto ezijwayelekile zokuxhumanisa i-metabolic, zikhiqizwa yizinhlobo zebhaktheriya njenge-Acetobacter futhi zingahlanganiswa ngokuphelele ku-carbon dioxide ngamagciwane anjengeClostridium thermoaceticum. Igundane lakha i-acetate ngesilinganiso esingu-1% wesisindo somzimba walo ngosuku.
Njengoketshezi olungenambala olunephunga elinamandla, elihlabayo, elinoviniga, liwusizo kubhotela, ushizi, ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi nezithelo. I-acetic acid emsulwa encane kakhulu njengoba enjalo isetshenziswa ekudleni, nakuba ihlukaniswa yi-FDA njengento ye-GRAS. Ngenxa yalokho, ingase isetshenziswe emikhiqizweni engakhaviwe Izincazelo Namazinga Obunikazi. I-acetic acid iyingxenye eyinhloko yamaviniga ne-pyroligneous acid. Ngendlela yeviniga, ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-27 lb zengezwa ekudleni ngo-1986, ngamanani alinganayo asetshenziswa njengama-acidulants nama-flavoring agents. Eqinisweni, i-acetic acid (njengeviniga) yayingenye yezinto zokuqala zokunambitha. Uviniga usetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseni isaladi yokugqoka kanye nemayonnaise, amakhukhamba amuncu namnandi namasoso amaningi nama-catsups. Zibuye zisetshenziswe ekwelapheni inyama nasekufakweni kwemifino ethile. Ekwenzeni imayonnaise, ukwengezwa kwengxenye ye-acetic acid (uviniga) kusawoti- noma ushukela-isikhupha kunciphisa ukumelana nokushisa kweSalmonella. Izingoma ezibopha amanzi zamasoseji ngokuvamile zihlanganisa i-acetic acid noma usawoti wayo we-sodium, kuyilapho i-calcium acetate isetshenziselwa ukulondoloza ukuthungwa kwemifino ekheniwe.
I-acetic acid ivela kuviniga. Ikhiqizwa ku-distillation ebhubhisayo yokhuni. Ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi embonini yamakhemikhali. Isetshenziswa ekwenzeni i-cellulose acetate, i-acetate rayon, kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-acetate kanye ne-acetyl; njenge-solvent for izinsini, amafutha, nama-resin; njengesilondolozi sokudla ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni; kanye ne-organicsynthesis.
I-acetic acid iyikhemikhali ebalulekile yezimboni. Ukusabela kwe-acetic acid ene-hydroxyl equkethe izinhlanganisela, ikakhulukazi utshwala, kubangela ukwakheka kwe-acetate esters. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-acetic acid kusekukhiqizweni kwe-vinyl acetate. I-vinyl acetate ingakhiqizwa ngokusabela kwe-acetylene ne-acetic acid. Ikhiqizwa futhi nge-ethylene ne-acetic acid. I-vinyl acetate yenziwe i-polymerized ibe i-polyvinyl acetate (PVA), esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imicu, amafilimu, izinto zokunamathisela, nopende be-latex.
I-Cellulose acetate, esetshenziselwa izindwangu kanye nefilimu yezithombe, ikhiqizwa ngokuphendula i-cellulose nge-acetic acid ne-acetic anhydride phambi kwe-sulfuric acid. Amanye ama-esters e-acetic acid, afana ne-ethyl acetate ne-propyl acetate, asetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo.
I-acetic acid isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ipulasitiki ye-polyethylene terephthalate (PET). I-acetic acid isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imithi.
I-Glacial Acetic Acid iyi-acidulant ewuketshezi olucacile, olungenambala olunokunambitheka kwe-asidi uma luxutshwe ngamanzi. Ingu-99.5% noma ngaphezulu ngobumsulwa futhi icwebezela ku-17°c. Isetshenziselwa ukugqoka isaladi ngendlela ehlanjululwe ukuze inikeze i-acetic acid edingekayo. Isetshenziswa njenge-preservative, i-acidulant, ne-flavour agent. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-acetic acid, i-glacial.
I-Chemwin ingahlinzeka ngenqwaba yama-hydrocarbon amaningi nezincibilikisi zamakhemikhali kumakhasimende ezimboni.Ngaphambi kwalokho, sicela ufunde ulwazi olulandelayo oluyisisekelo mayelana nokwenza ibhizinisi nathi:
1. Ezokuphepha
Ukuphepha kuyinto ehamba phambili yethu. Ngaphezu kokunikeza amakhasimende ulwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuphephile nokunobungani kwemvelo kwemikhiqizo yethu, siphinde sizibophezele ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ubungozi bokuphepha kwabasebenzi nosonkontileka buncishiswa bube buncane obunengqondo nobunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, sidinga ikhasimende ukuthi liqinisekise ukuthi izindinganiso ezifanele zokuphepha zokuthulula nokugcinwa kwempahla ziyahlangatshezwa ngaphambi kokulethwa kwethu (sicela ubhekisele kusithasiselo se-HSSE emigomeni nemibandela evamile yokuthengisa ngezansi). Ochwepheshe bethu be-HSSE banganikeza isiqondiso kulawa mazinga.
2. Indlela yokulethwa
Amakhasimende anga-oda futhi alethe imikhiqizo evela ku-chemwin, noma angathola imikhiqizo evela embonini yethu yokukhiqiza. Izindlela zokuthutha ezitholakalayo zifaka phakathi iloli, ujantshi noma ezokuthutha ezinezinhlobo eziningi (kuyasebenza izimo ezihlukene).
Endabeni yezidingo zekhasimende, singacacisa izidingo zezikebhe noma amathangi futhi sisebenzise amazinga akhethekile okuphepha/wokubuyekeza kanye nezimfuneko.
3. Inani elincane le-oda
Uma uthenga imikhiqizo kuwebhusayithi yethu, inani elincane le-oda amathani angama-30.
4.Inkokhelo
Indlela yokukhokha ejwayelekile idonswa ngokuqondile zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30 ukusuka ku-invoyisi.
5. Amadokhumenti okulethwa
Amadokhumenti alandelayo anikezwa ngokudiliva ngakunye:
· I-Bill of Lading, i-CMR Waybill noma enye incwadi yezokuthutha efanele
· Isitifiketi Sokuhlaziya noma Ukuvumelana (uma sidingeka)
· Imibhalo ehlobene ne-HSSE ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo
· Imibhalo yeCustoms ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo (uma kudingeka)